There is often some confusion over the issuing of D and Z visas. China only allows residents to be in possession of one nationality. The D visa is generally issued to Chinese people (or their children) who have relinquished their Chinese passports and are otherwise difficult to obtain. Those holding Z, X or J-1 visas, and who will be in the country for more than one year, can apply for a resident’s permit. These are valid for between one and five years and cover the holder and their dependents (see below).